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Metabolomics based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to study the initiation and development of diabetes in rats, and the ability of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) to ameliorate this pathology. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin. The rats were randomly divided into a normal control group treated with drug-free solution (NC), a normal control group treated with GBE (N-GBE), a DM group treated with drug-free solution (DM), and a DM group treated with GBE (D-GBE); rats were maintained on this protocol for 9 weeks. Rat plasma was collected from the sixth week to the ninth week and then analyzed with LC-MS. Animal experimentation was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of Xuzhou Medical University. Twelve plasma metabolites with continuous differentiation were monitored to indicate dysfunction of metabolic pathways including fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, bile acid metabolism, and purine metabolism to confirm the occurrence and development of DM. Treatment with GBE partially reversed the changes seen in five metabolites in DM rats, indicating that GBE could prevent the occurrence and development of DM by acting on fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
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<b>Objective::To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of 15 pyrrolidine alkaloids (PAs) and their nitrogen oxides, and determine the content of the 15 PAs in the 15 batches of Farfarae Flos samples obtained from different sources, in order to understand the distribution status of these 15 PAs in Farfarae Flos from different sources, and provide relevant references for the safe and rational use of this medicinal materials. <b>Method::The method was achieved by Agilent Eclipse Plus C<sub>18</sub> column (3.0 mm×150 mm, 1.8 μm) using a mobile phase made up of 0.05%formic acid and 2.5 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> ammonium formate in water (A)-0.05%formic acid and 2.5 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> ammonium formate in methanol(B). The flow rate and the injection volume were 0.4 mL·min<sup>-1</sup> and 2 μL, respectively. The column temperature was 40 ℃. The instrument was Agilent 1290-6470 QQQ ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quaternary bar mass spectrometer. The components were detected in multiple reaction monitoring mode by mass spectrometry with ionizationmode of ESI<sup>+</sup>. The content of the components measured in the samples was calculated by using the external standard method, and the difference between samples was analyzed based on RSD of different components. <b>Result::The established method had a high sensitivity and good separation degree. The results of methodological investigation met the requirements. The results showed that all of the 15 batches of Farfarae Flos contained PAs and their nitrogen oxides. These PAs had almost the same types of structure. There were significant differences in the content and distribution of PAs in Farfarae Flos obtained from different sources. <b>Conclusion::In general, Farfarae Flos contains pyrrolidine alkaloids and their nitrogen oxides. Senkirkine with a significant hepatotoxicity is the main compound. The content determination of PAs will provide scientific fundaments for the safe and effective use of Farfarae Flos.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of mindfulness intervention (MBI) on physical and mental symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Data of the relevant MBI in the physical and psychological symptoms were reviewed in patients with diabetes. The quasi-experimental studies or randomized controlled trials were used to retrieval from May 2016, and back into the study of references. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literature was screened and the quality was evaluated to extract the data. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results The total of 9 studies and 474 patients were included in this study. Patients were divided into MBI group (n=251) and control group (n=223). Meta-analysis showed that mindfulness therapy was effective in relieving depression, anxiety, stress and diabetes distress symptoms in diabetic patients compared with those of controls [MD=-5.35, 95%CI:-7.11--3.59;MD=-1.91, 95%CI:-3.04--0.79;MD=-4.65, 95%CI:-6.68--2.44;MD=-6.37, 95%CI:-10.84--1.90], the differences were statistical significance (P < 0.05). The improvement of the negative emotions was sustained long-term effect, and patients can benefit from it. The effects of MBI on the quality of life, whether short-term or long-term, were inconsistent and required further verification. The effects of glycemic control were generally better in MBI group than those of the control group. Conclusion Mindfulness intervention shows beneficial non-drug adjuvant therapy in reducing depression, anxiety, stress and diabetes related distress in patients with type 2 diabetes. The effects of MBI on improving the quality of life, blood glucose control need further verification.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of mindfulness intervention (MBI) on physical and mental symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Data of the relevant MBI in the physical and psychological symptoms were reviewed in patients with diabetes. The quasi-experimental studies or randomized controlled trials were used to retrieval from May 2016, and back into the study of references. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literature was screened and the quality was evaluated to extract the data. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results The total of 9 studies and 474 patients were included in this study. Patients were divided into MBI group (n=251) and control group (n=223). Meta-analysis showed that mindfulness therapy was effective in relieving depression, anxiety, stress and diabetes distress symptoms in diabetic patients compared with those of controls [MD=-5.35, 95%CI:-7.11--3.59;MD=-1.91, 95%CI:-3.04--0.79;MD=-4.65, 95%CI:-6.68--2.44;MD=-6.37, 95%CI:-10.84--1.90], the differences were statistical significance (P < 0.05). The improvement of the negative emotions was sustained long-term effect, and patients can benefit from it. The effects of MBI on the quality of life, whether short-term or long-term, were inconsistent and required further verification. The effects of glycemic control were generally better in MBI group than those of the control group. Conclusion Mindfulness intervention shows beneficial non-drug adjuvant therapy in reducing depression, anxiety, stress and diabetes related distress in patients with type 2 diabetes. The effects of MBI on improving the quality of life, blood glucose control need further verification.
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The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of precision nursing and its implications for education,practice and research.The emphases are on the contributions of nursing practice and research to genomics as well as precision health and precision medicine.Recommendations are elucidated on how to build knowledge and competence of precision nursing within the broad arena of precision health and precision medicine to promote the development of precision nursing.
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Objective To discuss the influencing factors of lead poisoning in children and adolescents in certain region of Yunnan and to provide evidence for effective prevention measures.Methods Venous blood samples of 1379 children and adolescents were collected and lead levels in the blood were tested by atomic absorption spectrometer.Children and adolescents with lead level higher than 100 μg/L were diagnosed with lead poisoning.Results The lead level ranged from 1 μg/L to 450 μg/L,with the average level of 82.87 ± 66.97 μg/L,and 341 children and adolescents were diagnosed with lead poisoning,with the poisoning rate of 24.7％.The differences of lead poisoning rates by gender,age,and place of residence were significant (P＜0.05).Gender,age,and distance between place of residence and mining area were the main influencing factors of the lead poisoning rate.Conclusion The blood lead poisoning rate of children and adolescent are high in this region.Boys,children in preschool age and children living closer to the mining area are susceptible to blood lead poisoning.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study and compare the effect of neutrophil elastase inhibitors (GW311616A and sivelestat) on the proliferation and apoptosis of U937 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Inhibitory effects of GW311616A and sivelestat on the proliferation of U937 cells were assayed by MTT assay. The morphologic changes of U937 cells were detected by transmission electron microscope, and apoptosis was observed by AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining. The changes of cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of NE in U937 cells was observed by indirect immunofluorescence, the variations of content and activity of NE in U937 cells were measured through ELISA assay and colorimetric method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MTT showed that both NE inhibitors could inhibit the proliferation of U937 cells in a dose dependent manner. The IC50 of GW311616A and sivelestat were 150 and 214 μmol/L respectively. The inhibition effect of GW311616A was significantly higher than of sivelestat (P<0.01). Typical apoptosis morphological changes of U937 cells was observed through electron microscope. AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining showed that U937 cells could be induced to undergo apoptosis by the two inhibitors, the apoptosis ratio of 150μmol/L GW311616A group (13.60%) was significantly higher than that of 150μmol/L sivelestat group (3.69%)(P<0.01). The result of flow cytometry indicated that the apoptosis ratio of 150 μmol/L GW311616A group was 14.61%, U937 cell cycle was mainly blocked in G2/M phase; meanwhile 150 μmol/L sivelestat group as 4.25% with cell cycle in S phase. The fluorescence intensity of GW311616A group obviously decreased than of sivelestat group. And the two inhibitors could reduce the content and activity of NE in U937 cells, but the effect of GW311616A was significantly higher than of sivelestat (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GW311616A and sivelestat could inhibit the proliferation and cause apoptosis of U937 cells. Furthermore, GW311616A was more effective and harmful to cells than sivelestat.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Glycine , Pharmacology , Leukocyte Elastase , Piperidines , Pharmacology , Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory , Pharmacology , Sulfonamides , Pharmacology , U937 CellsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its influencing factors for three years following the "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A systematic sampling of 870 subjects who came from Beichuan (605 persons) and Jiangyou (265 persons) areas were investigated by adopting subscale of PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and Social Demographic Questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence rate of PTSD was 8.5% (74/870), the incidence rates of PTSD for the area of Beichuan and Jiangyou were 11.2% (68/605) and 2.3% (6/265) respectively. Subjects from Beichuan had higher PTSD incidence rate compared to Jiangyou (P < 0.05). The prevalence of PTSD for female and male were 11.8% (55/465) and 4.7% (19/405) respectively, female had higher prevalence of PTSD compared to male (P < 0.05). The incidence rates of PTSD for victims who suffered from major property lost and those who lost less were 13.3% (62/466) and 3.0% (12/404) respectively, victims suffered major property lost had higher incidence rate of PTSD(P < 0.05). The incidence rates of PTSD for victims who lost family members and those did not were 13.4% (45/336) and 5.4% (29/534) respectively, victims who lost family members had higher incidence rates of PTSD (P < 0.05). The posttraumatic symptoms for survivors who suffered from PTSD mainly focused on the symptoms of reexpericement and over vigilance, the prevalence rate was 100% (74/74). Exaggerated startle response, intense psychological distress and physiological reactivity were higher than others in total 17 symptoms, accounting for 96% (71/74), 94% (70/74) and 90% (67/74). The logistic regression showed that being female, victims who suffered from major property lost, lost family member in this earthquake were the risk factors of PTSD, and the values of OR (95%CI) were 2.746 (1.580 - 4.772), 3.616 (1.871 - 6.988) and 1.805(1.057 - 3.084), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Posttraumatic symptoms were still common among survivors three years after "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake. Survivors in Beichuan (heavy hit area), female victims, victims who suffered from major property lost, victims who lost family member need more social and economic support.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Epidemiology , Disasters , Earthquakes , Logistic Models , Risk Factors , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Epidemiology , Stress, Psychological , Surveys and Questionnaires , Survivors , PsychologyABSTRACT
Objective To describe the sonographic appearance of mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver(MHL)and to analyze the diagnostic value of ultrasound.Methods Eleven surgically and pathologically confirmed cases of MHL from January 2005 to May 2011 in the Beijing Children′s Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.Results Ultrasound examinations showed 9 cystic hamartomas,including 7 multiseptate cystic and 2 monocystic lesions.Of the 7 multiseptate cystic hamartomas,4 had a honeycomb appearance and 3 had irregularly-distributed multiple cysts with varied septations.Of the 2 monocystic hamartomas,1 had a large cystic portion while the other was mainly solid with approximately 4% cystic portion of the tumor.Two cases in this group were solid,presenting with a well-defined homogenous mass.Conclusions Ultrasonography is an effective imaging modality for the diagnosis for MHL.A mixed or a mainly-cystic liver mass found in a child less than 2 years old should be suspicious for MHL.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Recent studies have demonstrated that dexamethasone (DEX) interferes with immune responses by targeting key functions of dendritic cells (DCs) at the earliest stage. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanisms by investigating the roles of DEX on differentiation, maturation & function of murine DCs and the effects of DEX on DCs via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB mediated signal pathway.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immature DCs (imDCs) were cultured from murine bone marrow (BM) cells. We added DEX into culture medium at different time. The expression of CD11c, CD86 and I-A(b) (mouse MHC class II molecule) was determined by flow cytometry. We determined the expression of NF-kappaB and its inhibitory protein I-kappaBalpha by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Western blotting, respectively. The productions of interleukin (IL)-12p70 and IL-10 in cell culture supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DEX impaired differentiation of DCs from murine bone marrow progenitors, and inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced maturation of DCs. DEX significantly inhibited NF-kappaB expression of normal DCs, the higher the DEX concentration or the longer the DEX treatment time, the more obvious the effect. However, DEX had little effect on LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation, and partially impaired LPS-induced I-kappaBalpha degradation. DEX significantly decreased LPS induced IL-12p70 production by DCs. Interestingly, our results showed a synergistic effect between DEX and LPS on the production of IL-10 by DCs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DEX inhibits the differentiation and maturation of murine DCs involved in TLR4-I-kappaB-NF-kappaB pathway, and also indirectly impairs Th1 development and interferes with the Th1-Th2 balance through IL-12 and/or IL-10 secretion by DCs.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Blotting, Western , Bone Marrow Cells , Cell Biology , Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , Dendritic Cells , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Dexamethasone , Pharmacology , Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Flow Cytometry , NF-kappa B , Metabolism , Signal Transduction , Toll-Like Receptor 4 , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Intake of melamine can cause renal and ureteral lithiasis in infants and children. The present study aimed to understand the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of renal and ureteral lithiasis in infants and young children caused by melamine, and the characteristics of ultrasonograms of melamine-associated calculi.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ultrasonographic examination on the urinary system was performed for 28 332 children who ingested milk powder that was possibly tainted with melamine; 395 of the children were diagnosed by ultrasonography as having urinary calculus, and 231 cases had lump-like calculi and 164 cases had sand gravel-like calculi. The features of the calculi, the sites of obstruction and the status of hydronephrosis and hydroureterosis were analyzed. Ultrasonographic reexamination was performed for 116 patients and the findings were compared with those of the first ultrasonography, and the short-term expulsion of the calculi was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Most of the 395 patients with urinary lithiasis, except for those who developed renal failure, had no symptoms. The whole profile of the calculi could be seen in most of the cases, because the echogenicity of the calculi with no sharp or absent acoustical shadowing, was weaker as compared with those from calcium-containing calculi. Comet tail sign could be seen behind the echogenicity of single gravel calculus. The rate of diagnostic consistency of ureteral lithiasis between the ultrasound and the results of clinical observation (including stones expelled spontaneously or after cystoscopic intervention) in 51 cases for 76 ureters was 100%. Percutaneous renal biopsy was performed for one case, and histopathological examination showed flocculent, fine strip-like, ellipse and circular deeply stained sand gravel-like material in the renal tubules, and the circular calculi were found to be attached to the walls of the tubules. Chemical analysis of the calculi expelled from 12 cases showed that the main contents of the calculi were uric acid and melamine. Short-term ultrasound reexamination in 116 patients showed that gravel-like calculi disappeared in 80.4% of the cases; in 26 non-hospitalized cases who had lump-like calculi without hydronephrosis or hydroureterosis, none of the lump-like calculi were expelled.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The ultrasonographic findings of urinary calculi in children caused by ingestion of melamine-tainted milk powder have a certain features as compared to the calculi containing calcium. Careful ultrasound examination can avoid missed diagnoses of ureteral calculi. Most of the gravel-like calculi can be expelled within a short period of term, while lump-like calculi can hardly be expelled. Ultrasonography is an accurate and reliable method of diagnosis of urinary calculus caused by melamine intake in children and it can be used as diagnostic method of choice although abdominal X-ray plain film can also visualize some of larger calculi.</p>